Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: to assess whether maternal and paternal exposure to toxic agrochemicals throughout life causes congenital malformations. Method: a scoping review was carried out on the PUBMED, CINAHL, EBSCO, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, BDENF, Web of Science and ATHENA databases between August and September 2019 and updated in December 2020. A cohort and case control study were included, which addressed the effects of parents' exposure throughout their lives to toxic agrochemicals which caused congenital malformation outcomes. Results: the review covered 32 studies published between 2005 and 2020. The main malformations presented are related to the reproductive system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, transverse limb deficiencies, digestive system and other malformations such as fetal growth restrictions, cleft palate and congenital heart disease. The most investigated toxic agrochemicals in the studies were the herbicides represented by atrazine. Conclusion: maternal and paternal exposure to toxic agrochemicals can be associated with greater chances of children being born with congenital malformations, especially those related to the male reproductive system.
Highlights
Diverse scientific evidence indicates that the environment can be related to the occurrence of congenital malformations such as anomaly of the limbs, orofacial fissures and failure in male urogenital development, in addition to spontaneous abortions, which can be accentuated when the parents are exposed to toxic agrochemicals
The results were presented with a description of the characteristics of the studies, and the main congenital malformations evidenced from the selected studies and the most frequently identified toxic agrochemicals in the studies are described
The implications of this study for the practice can be seen in the sense of strengthening the evidence related to the association between exposure to toxic agrochemicals and congenital malformations
Summary
Diverse scientific evidence indicates that the environment can be related to the occurrence of congenital malformations such as anomaly of the limbs, orofacial fissures and failure in male urogenital development, in addition to spontaneous abortions, which can be accentuated when the parents are exposed to toxic agrochemicals. These congenital malformations are included in the list of congenital anomalies that can be defined as structural or functional changes that occur during intrauterine life[1,2]. In the vast areas of monocultures, agrochemicals are sprayed by means of tractors and airplanes on the crops, affecting the “pests” in the plantations, and the soil, surface water, air, rain and food, as well as workers, surrounding residents and animals[5]
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