Abstract
Sound vibration (SV) is considered as an external mechanical force that modulates plant growth and development like other mechanical stimuli (e.g., wind, rain, touch and vibration). A number of previous and recent studies reported developmental responses in plants tailored against SV of varied frequencies. This strongly suggests the existence of sophisticated molecular mechanisms for SV perception and signal transduction. Despite this there exists a huge gap in our understanding regarding the SV-mediated molecular alterations, which is a prerequisite to gain insight into SV-mediated plant development. Herein, we investigated the global gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana upon treatment with five different single frequencies of SV at constant amplitude for 1 h. As a next step, we also studied the SV-mediated proteomic changes in Arabidopsis. Data suggested that like other stimuli, SV also activated signature cellular events, for example, scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alteration of primary metabolism, and hormonal signaling. Phytohormonal analysis indicated that SV-mediated responses were, in part, modulated by specific alterations in phytohormone levels; especially salicylic acid (SA). Notably, several touch regulated genes were also up-regulated by SV treatment suggesting a possible molecular crosstalk among the two mechanical stimuli, sound and touch. Overall, these results provide a molecular basis to SV triggered global transcriptomic, proteomic and hormonal changes in plant.
Highlights
Due to their inability to move, plants are under continuous pressure to deal with copious environmental cues for their successful survival
A direct evidence to this is the elicitation of defense response in Arabidopsis that leads to accumulation of defense molecules upon treatment with vibrations caused by churning sound of caterpillar[3]
Beneficial effects of Sound vibration (SV) on plant physiology leading to enhanced growth, development and disease resistance are well established by many previous reports[8,10]
Summary
Due to their inability to move, plants are under continuous pressure to deal with copious environmental cues for their successful survival. A direct evidence to this is the elicitation of defense response in Arabidopsis that leads to accumulation of defense molecules upon treatment with vibrations caused by churning sound of caterpillar[3] Another classical example is the well-known phenomenon of ‘Buzz Pollination’, where pollens from anthers are released only upon vibration at a particular frequency produced by bee buzz[4]. Sound is a vibrational mechanical force and its effect on plants is an emerging area of research for past few years. Sound in the range of audible frequencies was reported to change developmental and physiological processes of plants (e.g., growth, seed germination, cell cycle progression, and plasma membrane architecture)[10]. We forwarded a model of SV-mediated transcriptomic, proteomic and hormonal changes in plant, based on the obtained results
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