Exposure to selective noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations: A meta-analysis of cohort studies

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Selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are used to treat depression and anxiety during pregnancy; however, information regarding their foetal safety is limited. Cohort studies concerning congenital malformations in infants born to mothers exposed to SNRIs during the first trimester of pregnancy were identified. Eight studies were included in the analysis. In general, the use of SNRIs was not associated with an increased risk of overall congenital malformations when compared with no exposure (rate ratio [RR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.94–1.22; P = 0.31), exposure to SSRIs (RR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.97–1.31; P = 0.12) and no exposure with clinical indication (RR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.9–1.2; P = 0.564). A significantly increased risk of cardiac malformations was observed (RR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15–1.53; P < 0.001); however, this association was not statistically significant when the reference group comprised mothers exposed to SSRIs (RR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.85–1.43; P = 0.47) or no exposure with clinical indication (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.95–1.42; P = 0.13). The evidence shows no increased risk of congenital malformations and argues against a substantial cardiac teratogenic effect of SNRIs.