Exposure to PM2.5 and its association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in adults of Mexico City Metropolitan Area

Abstract

TPS 671: Cardiometabolic effects of long-term air pollution exposure, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor, August 26, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) has reached PM2.5 concentrations that exceed the WHO recommendations. Recent evidence shows that PM2.5 exposure is directly related to Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) incidence and prevalence. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and DM2, based on two sources of information of the pollutant, under two epidemiological approaches, in a representative sample of the MCMA. We studied population ≥20 years, of both sexes living in the MCMA who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) in 2006 and 2012. The information was analyzed under two approaches: 1) cross-sectional analysis in 2006 and 2012 with representativeness for the MCMA and 2) nested case-control analysis in cross-sectional studies. PM2.5 concentrations were estimated at residence level using two data sources: monitors and satellite. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between variables. PM2.5 exposure was higher than recommended by the WHO and local standards. We observed a small trend to positive associations with satellite information in cross-sectional studies; however, under the monitor information and the nested case-control analyses, the results tended to a nullity. We were unable to detect greater differences due to small temporal and spatial exposure variability observed in 2006, 2012 and 2 years prior to DM2 diagnosis. This is one of the first studies to describe PM2.5 exposure at this level and to evaluate this association in MCMA. Even though studies in other countries have found a positive association between these variables, our findings suggest that both, subjects with DM2 and those who do not present it, are exposed to similar PM2.5 concentrations. Population residing in MCMA is highly exposed to PM2.5, therefore they are at risk of suffering other complications related to this pollutant. Further research and monitoring are advised.