Abstract
Traffic noise has been linked to diabetes, with limited understanding of its mechanisms. We hypothesize that night-time road traffic noise (RTN) may impair glucose homeostasis through circadian rhythm disturbances. We prospectively investigated the relationship between residential night-time RTN and subsequent eight-year change in glycosylated hemoglobin (ΔHbA1c) in 3350 participants of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA), adjusting for diabetes risk factors and air pollution levels. Annual average RTN (Lnight) was assigned to participants in 2001 using validated Swiss noise models. HbA1c was measured in 2002 and 2011 using liquid chromatography. We applied mixed linear models to explore RTN–ΔHbA1c association and its modification by a genetic risk score of six common circadian-related MTNR1B variants (MGRS). A 10 dB difference in RTN was associated with a 0.02% (0.003–0.04%) increase in mean ΔHbA1c in 2142 non-movers. RTN–ΔHbA1c association was modified by MGRS among diabetic participants (Pinteraction = 0.001). A similar trend in non-diabetic participants was non-significant. Among the single variants, we observed strongest interactions with rs10830963, an acknowledged diabetes risk variant also implicated in melatonin profile dysregulation. Night-time RTN may impair glycemic control, especially in diabetic individuals, through circadian rhythm disturbances. Experimental sleep studies are needed to test whether noise control may help individuals to attain optimal glycemic levels.
Highlights
IntroductionGlycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects three‐month average glycemia [1], predicts diabetes
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects three‐month average glycemia [1], predicts diabetesGlycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects three-month average glycemia [1], predicts diabetes in in non‐diabetic individuals, and complications in diabetic individuals [2,3]
In non-diabetic participants, MTNR1B genetic risk score (MGRS) showed a positive association with ∆HbA1c and cross-sectional HbA1c, but only reached significance in the cross-sectional analysis
Summary
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects three‐month average glycemia [1], predicts diabetes. Recent interest in the role of prevalence of poorly-controlled diabetes remains high [4]. 41 min, and delayed the circadian phase of dimlight melatonin melatonin by 1.37 h, asbywell as increased diabetes risk among individuals who woke up offset early by. Individuals who are evening chronotypes were shown to have higher risk of diabetes [23]. Who areinstances, evening chronotypes shown to have higher risk diabeteshigh [23].melatonin In both instances, In both it is thoughtwere that waking up early or sleeping lateof(during and low it is thought thatpredisposes waking up early or sleeping lateleads (during and low insulin phase) insulin phase) to having meals, to high highmelatonin insulin levels and subsequent predisposes to having meals, leads to high insulin levels and subsequent hyperglycemia, as a result hyperglycemia, as a result of altered timing of food intake.
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