Abstract
BackgroundRed (R) and far-red (FR) light distinctly influence phytochrome-mediated initial tomato growth and development, and more recent evidence indicates that these spectra also modulate responses to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses. This research investigated whether different R: FR values affect tomato growth response and salinity tolerance. Tomato seedlings were exposed to different R: FR conditions (7.4, 1.2 and 0.8) under salinity stress (100 mM NaCl), and evaluated for their growth, biochemical changes, active reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS scavenging enzymes, pigments, rate of photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence.ResultsThe results showed that under conditions of salinity, tomato seedlings subjected to a lower R: FR value (0.8) significantly increased both their growth, proline content, chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate (Pn), while they decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the higher R: FR value (7.4). Under conditions of salinity, the lower R: FR value caused a decrease in both the superoxide anion (O2•−) and in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, an increase in the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.7). Tomato seedlings grown under the lower R: FR value and conditions of salinity showed a higher actual quantum yield of photosynthesis (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching (qP) than those exposed to a higher R: FR, indicating overall healthier growth. However, the salinity tolerance induced at the lower R: FR condition disappeared in the tomato phyB1 mutant.ConlusionThese results suggest that growing tomato with a lower R: FR value could improve seedlings’ salinity tolerance, and phytochrome B1 play an very important role in this process. Therefore, different qualities of light can be used to efficiently develop abiotic stress tolerance in tomato cultivation.
Highlights
Red (R) and far-red (FR) light distinctly influence phytochrome-mediated initial tomato growth and development, and more recent evidence indicates that these spectra modulate responses to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses
This study demonstrated that different values of R: FR had a significant influence on the salinity tolerance of wild type tomato seedlings, some of the influence disappeared in the tomato phytochrome B1 mutant (phyB1) mutants
This study identified the effect of R: FR values on tomato salinity tolerance
Summary
Red (R) and far-red (FR) light distinctly influence phytochrome-mediated initial tomato growth and development, and more recent evidence indicates that these spectra modulate responses to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses. Phytochromes, which absorb red (R) and far-red (FR) light, are the most characterized photoreceptors in Besides regulating photomorphogenesis, phytochromes play an essential role in adapting to different sources of abiotic plant stress [2, 10,11,12,13,14,15]. Indorf et al [12] found that phyA, phyB and phyAphyB Arabidopsis thaliana mutants showed a reduced expression of salt tolerance genes, and the expression of these genes were altered by exposure to different light conditions, suggesting that the phytochrome family contributes to salinity stress responses. PhyB seems to be a fundamental component of many plants responses to abiotic stressors
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