Abstract
The South American palm weevil (SAPW), Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the main pest of Elaeis guineensis and damages palm trees with bud rot disease in the Americas. The effects of six neurotoxic insecticides (abamectin, carbaryl, deltamethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and spinosad) were evaluated against SAPW for toxicity, survival, reproduction, and mortality. Abamectin (LC50 = 0.33 mg mL−1), Carbaryl (LC50 = 0.24 mg mL−1), deltamethrin (LC50 = 0.17 mg mL−1), and fipronil (LC50 = 0.42 mg mL−1) were the most toxic to SAPW. Adult survival was 95% without exposure to insecticides, decreasing to 78–65% in insects treated with the LC25 and 49–35% in insects exposed to LC50. Sublethal doses of carbaryl, fipronil and imidacloprid showed significant effect on the reproduction of this insect. Mortality of SAPW populations caused by insecticides had similar effects in the laboratory and field conditions. The results suggest that carbaryl, deltamethrin, fipronil, and imidacloprid caused significantly higher mortality as compared to the control in SAPW and may be used to control its populations in oil palm trees where bud rot appears as the key disease for SAPW attraction and infestation.
Highlights
The South American palm weevil (SAPW), Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most destructive insect of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin) in the Americas.The SAPW damages other palm tree species as Attalea maripa
We evaluated the toxicity, survivorship, and impact on reproduction caused by neurotoxic insecticides on the SAPW in order to contribute to the development of strategies for controlling this insect pest, mainly in areas where bud rot disease appears as the key for SAPW
For the LC50 estimated value, bioassay indicated that deltamethrin with LC50 = 0.17 (0.03–0.29) mg mL−1 and carbaryl with LC50 = 0.24 (0.08–0.33) mg mL−1 were the most toxic insecticides to the SAPW adults followed by abamectin with LC50 = 0.33 (0.26–0.61) mg mL−1, fipronil with
Summary
The South American palm weevil (SAPW), Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most destructive insect of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin) in the Americas. The SAPW damages other palm tree species as Attalea maripa Mart.), Cocos nucifera (L.), Elaeis oleifera (Kunth), Jessenia bataua (Mart.), Mauritia flexuosa (L.F.), and Phoenix sylvestris (L.) [1,2]. Insects 2019, 10, 111 has bimodal activity habits, with pest activity peaks at 07:00 to 11:00 h and 17:00 to 19:00 h [3,4]. In Colombia, SAPW can reach high infestations in palms during different steps of the Bud Rot disease (Phytophthora palmivora E.J. Butler) progression [5]
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