Exposure to household pesticides and Parkinson's disease in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort.

Abstract

In the last decades, the association of household pesticide usage with Parkinson's disease (PD) has been poorly explored, with discordant results. Based on the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort study, we analyzed (1) the association of household pesticide exposure with the development of PD and (2) the effect of household pesticides on progression of PD. Data from participants of the "FOllow Up persons with Neurologic Disease" (FOUND study) included in the PPMI cohort database were analyzed. The PPMI FOUND study applied the Parkinson's Disease Risk Factor Questionnaire to collect information regarding the use of pesticides in non-work settings during periods of life, and the lifetime pesticide exposure for each participant was estimated. We defined a high use of pesticides if the exposure estimate had a z-score higher than one standard deviation from the mean. Also, we evaluated longitudinal data of people with PD to analyze the effect of high use of household pesticides on disease progression according to motor impairment, cognitive dysfunction, depressive symptoms, and modification of motor clinical phenotype. We analyzed data from 206 people with PD and 64 healthy controls, almost all from the USA. High use of household pesticides was not associated with the odds of developing PD. Regarding PD progression, only cognitive dysfunction was associated with the high use of household fungicides (HR 5.64 per standard deviation increase in exposure estimate, 95% CI 1.41-22.6). Chronic exposure to household pesticides may impact the clinical progression of PD, especially cognitive symptoms.