Exposure to heavy metals in oil and gas wastes: A systematic review on health hazards assessment and mitigation in Nigeria

Abstract

Heavy metals are toxic elements that are known to pose a significant threat to human health and the environment. In the oil and gas industry, heavy metals can be found in various waste streams, including drilling muds, production fluids, and produced waters. It is important to assess the health hazards associated with these wastes to ensure the safety of workers and the public. This systematic review aimed to assess the health hazards of heavy metals present in oil and gas waste in Nigeria. The study analyzed the levels of heavy metals in the waste, their sources, and the potential health risks associated with exposure. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published. The results of the study showed that high levels of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and mercury were present in the oil and gas waste in Nigeria. The exposure to these heavy metals can lead to serious health issues such as respiratory problems, kidney damage, and cancer. Based on the literature, there are several methods that can be used to mitigate the health hazards of heavy metals in oil and gas waste. These methods include incineration, treatment with chemicals, proper landfill management, and recycling. To ensure the safety of workers and the surrounding communities, it is essential that these methods be implemented and monitored properly. The findings of these studies call for increased public health interventions and the implementation of effective measures to prevent and mitigate the toxic impacts of petroleum waste on the health of local communities. The study also highlighted the need for effective regulations and more management strategies to minimize the exposure of the population to these hazardous substances and protect public health.