Abstract
Abstract. The paper presents an exposure-stance concept model with three basic elements: proximity regarded as a measurement of nearness, accessibility which refers to the road stance serviceability that convey the people or goods from place to place by means of a vehicle, and connectivity of uncontrolled activities i.e. road and/or building constructions, nearness (measurement) information to be reached from or to be reached by to transport people and resources regardless if it traverses the danger or hazard zones in the slopes of Mayon Volcano. The challenging work is modelling the level of exposure-stances operationally defined as the accessibility in terms of road stance serviceability, connectivity in terms of road constructed and building footprints’ nearness measurement with danger or hazard zones relative to the risk reality phenomenon information happening in Mayon Volcano. This paper practically highlighted results, specifically on the matrix of levels of exposure-stances contexts that creates knowledge prompted by spatial information (nearness measurements) featuring accessibility, connectivity, proximity, risk reality, danger and hazards zones, and OSM roads and building footprints variables. The study concluded that rejecting roads and building (lines and polygons) mimics the perpetual relocation of exposed residents. Also, closing the proclaimed protected forest areas to any activities will likely nil exposure, thus lowering risk hotspot level of significance. Hence, nulling exposure stance variable if not dispersing exposure featuring roads and buildings within the protected areas, development constraint areas, and permanent and extended danger zones of Mayon Volcano has a practical implication to stabilize and sustain developments at the foot slopes of the volcano.
Highlights
The research problem of this study focuses on the issue of exposure due to accessing gravel and sand resources within the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS), considering this space will hypothetically reduce the risk reality by nulling exposure and prevent a disaster
The framework for exposure-stances as shown in Figure 1, steers the geospatial information modeling which carried the analysis for the level of exposure-stances resulted from examining the road connectivity based on the Olsson (2009) notion on indirect development to respond to economic opportunities trending in the study area, accessibility based on the accessibility theory (Ariel, 2001) which offers a procedural analysis to retrieve a certain piece of given information at the current stage of the discourse, and road network characteristics based in proximity (Wang, et al, 2017) which employed a statistical method to measure proximity disclosed the applicability of GIS modeling to measure the near distance to danger and no-build zones
Combining some knowledge created by roads and building constructed within the lava flow, lahar and risk prone areas as shown in Fig.7, Figure 10 and Table 3 presents some knowledge on the OSM building counts within the moderate to extreme susceptibility to lahar prone areas, rain-induced landslide, lava flow prone areas within the permanent and extended danger zones of Mayon Volcano as well as the encroachments happening within the proclaimed protected areas or NIPAS covered area
Summary
1.1 Framework for Exposure-Stances The exposure-stance concept model was based on the Geophilosophy on Risk Realness of (Abante, 2021a,b,c) and the exposure-happenstance (Abante, 2019) combining the theories of Olsson (2009) and Hansen (1959) on accessibility, Levinson, and Huang (2012) theory on network connectivity, as well as the proximity theory (Milla, et al, 2005) which substantiates the exposure-stance as an independent variable of risk reality phenomenon (Abante, 2021c). The ‘proximity element’ of ES in this study is regarded as a measurement of nearness of OSM building footprints to establish the relationship between distance and the hazard and/or no-build zones using the GIS tool. Exposure-stances are established to help analyze risk reality phenomena relative to the adaptive capacity expressed as the ratio of hazards and. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLVI-4/W6-2021 Philippine Geomatics Symposium 2021, 17–19 November 2021, virtual meeting preparedness (Abante, 2021b,c; Abante, 2018), sensitivity expressed as the ratio of landscape vulnerability and competency of people living in the danger zone (Abante, 2021a,b,c; Abante & Abante, 2018, 2019) and their relationship with coping capacity and risk element (Abante, 2021a,b,c; Abante & Abante, 2018, 2019). The OSM roads and building footprints was used to map the exposure-happenstance by overlaying the disaster risk patterns, categorized as follows: disaster risk-prone areas; near disaster risk-prone areas; somewhat risky areas; random values, somewhat safe area; near the resilient area; and resilient areas, in the ArcGIS platform
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