Export dimension of maize in India

Abstract

This paper presents the study on growth rate and instability in area, production, productivity and export of maize from India. The study also explores the competiveness of Indian maize in international trade along with the factors affecting its export. The study is based on secondary data regarding area, production, export and prices for the last 20 years (from 1999 to 2019) which was collected and the whole period was divided into three periods viz., period I, II and III. The analysis of growth rate for production of maize in India for the period I, period II and the overall period showed that there is positive and highly significant increase in production with 5.92, 4.35 and 4.99 per cent growth in all three aforementioned periods, respectively. Maize export values exhibited significant growth rate values at one per cent level in period I (87.79%) and overall period (28.04%), respectively. The co-efficient of variation and Cuddy-Della instability index for production was found highest in overall period (28.66 %) and period I (8.57 %), respectively. In terms of area co-efficient of variation was highest in overall period (13.31 %) while Cuddy-Della instability index was highest in period II (3.54%). For both export quantity and value, co-efficient of variation was highest in period I with 134.01% and 147.39 %, respectively. While the same for Cuddy Della Instability Index was true in overall period with 73.51% and 71.21%. Index numbers for world production, India’s production, world export, India’s export, export value, domestic price and international price of maize in India displayed gradual increase in almost all the periods. At an overall level, the NPC values of maize export was worked out to 0.82 which indicates moderately export competitiveness of Indian maize in international level and proves commodity is protected in international market. The study concluded with Cobb-Douglas function for factor influencing export of maize exhibited very high value of R2 for maize i.e. (0.97), which indicated the best fit of equation. Maize export was observed to be influenced by factors namely export prices, Total world import, ratio of domestic consumption to production and ratio of domestic price to world price.