Abstract
X-ray lasers offer new possibilities for creating and probing extreme states of matter. We used intense and short x-ray pulses from the FLASH soft x-ray laser to trigger the explosions of CH${}_{4}$ and CD${}_{4}$ molecules and their clusters. The results show that the explosion dynamics depends on cluster size and indicate a transition from Coulomb explosion to hydrodynamic expansion in larger clusters. The explosion of CH${}_{4}$ and CD${}_{4}$ clusters shows a strong isotope effect: The heavier deuterons acquire higher kinetic energies than the lighter protons. This may be due to an extended inertial confinement of deuterons vs. protons near a rapidly charging cluster core during exposure.
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