Exploring Traditional Healing and Medicine in Dementia Care for Indigenous Populations in North America, Australia, and New Zealand: A Policy Advocacy and Practice

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundAccess to culturally‐safe dementia assessment, diagnosis, and care in Indigenous populations worldwide is an emerging challenge. In 2018, the World Health Organization recognized traditional healers as stakeholders in dementia care and prevention globally. Traditional healers contribute to dementia assessment, diagnosis, and care in unique ways, and play a catalytic role in the process of culturally‐safe dementia care planning and assessment with health care providers at the community level. The purpose of this scoping review was to understand the roles and experiences of traditional healers, to evaluate strategies for integration between Indigenous traditional healing and western dementia care approaches, and to examine the policy barriers and research gaps in North America, Australia, and New Zealand.MethodThe scoping review methodology used was the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) approach that included six steps: protocol development based on participants, content and context framework, development of a search strategy, selection of relevant studies, charting of relevant data, synthesis, and reporting of results, and conducting stakeholder consultation.ResultSearched English literature in select bibliographic databases, including CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline and PsycINFO. The initial search identified 516 papers published between 2000 and 2020 that met the search criteria. After 164 duplicates were removed, we screened 352 titles and abstracts, excluding the 209 that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The second stage review of 143 full‐text studies resulted in the further exclusion of 141 studies. Only two studies from Canada met all inclusion criteria for this study and explored the potential integration of traditional healing in dementia care and the roles, perceptions, and experiences of traditional healers.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the inclusion of traditional healers, knowledge‐holders, and Grandmother groups that can contribute to building an evidence‐based dementia care decision‐making process for Indigenous people with dementia. Integration of Indigenous traditional healing and medicine in dementia care is a path to culturally‐safe dementia care and assessment. diagnosis. The study has policy implications for health care provider education and advocacy needs to engage with traditional healers in dementia care. It recommends two community‐based models to establish culturally‐safe dementia care between traditional healers and healthcare providers in a seamless collaboration.