Abstract
The topical application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is recognized as a useful approach to improve skin health. This work aims to characterize by a multidisciplinary approach, the wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-pathogens and proteomic effects of six LAB lysates, belonging to the genus Lactobacillus. Our results demonstrated that the lysates of tested LAB stimulated the proliferation of keratinocytes, and that L. plantarum SGL 07 and L. salivarius SGL 19 accelerated the re-epithelization by inducing keratinocyte migration. The bacterial lysates also reduced the secretion of specific pro-inflammatory mediators from keratinocytes. Furthermore, viable L. salivarius SGL 19 and L. fermentum SGL 10 had anti-pathogenic effects against S. aureus and S. pyogenes, while L. brevis SGL 12 and L. paracasei SGL 04 inhibited S. aureus and S. pyogenes, respectively. The tested lactobacilli lysates also induced specific proteome modulation of the exposed keratinocytes, involving dysregulation of proteins (such as interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 and ATP-dependent RNA helicase) and pathways (such as cytokine, NF-kB, Hedgehog, and RUNX signaling) associated with their specific wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects. This study indicates the different potential of selected lactobacilli, suggesting that they may be successfully used in the future together with conventional therapies to bring relief from skin disorders.
Highlights
The topical application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is recognized as a useful approach to improve skin health
The scratch assay performed showed that both L. plantarum SGL 07 and L. salivarius SGL 19 significantly accelerated re-epithelialization in keratinocyte monolayers
Yet at 16 h of L. plantarum SGL 07 exposure, 74% (p < 0.0001, n = 3) of the scratch area was re-epithelialized compared with 47% in the control monolayer; while at 24 h, 96% (p < 0.0001, n = 3) of the scratch area was closed compared with 72% of control
Summary
The topical application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is recognized as a useful approach to improve skin health. Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC-55730 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on infected keratinocytes by reducing their transcription level of interleukin (IL)-8 and human-beta-defensin (hBD)-210; while Lactobacillus plantarum K8 inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) expression in keratinocytes through the lipoteichoic acid that is contained in its cell wall[11]. The infection by S. aureus on lesional skin of patients with atopic dermatitis, was reduced and controlled by the application of a lotion containing heat-treated Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 53315. All these results support further development of topical treatments containing LAB
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