Exploring the Sociolinguistic Aspects of Sinhala-English Code-Mixing among Urban Sri Lankan Bilingual Speakers

Hakmana Pranara Liyanage Waruni Shashikala

doi:10.4236/ojml.2021.112014

Abstract

Language mixing has become a natural phenomenon in the spoken discourse of the urban Sinhalese-English bilinguals today. This study examines how and why they mix codes from a sociolinguistic perspective and analyzes the structural properties of such code-mixing (CM) found in their speech. This study follows a descriptive qualitative method. This is qualitative since this depends on data that include words, phrases and sentences and is descriptive since it provides an accurate factual description of a setting. The sample comprised 30 bilinguals from the employed bilingual population in the main urban city of Sri Lanka due to their frequent use of the mixed-code in conversation. For a comprehensive analysis of the sociolinguistic aspects of the respondents’ speech, a sociolinguistic questionnaire based on the four discourse strategies: foregrounding, nativization, hybridization, and neutralization as proposed by Kachru (1978/1983/1986) was used. For the structural analysis, their spontaneous speech was recorded, and the framework of Muysken (2000): insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization (CL) was used. The findings report that this mixed-variety has evolved due to CM and is undoubtedly the preferred code for expressing neutralization of attitudes in speech. Further, their language choice seems to have been influenced by the age. Structurally, this discussion proves insertion as the major CM strategy in the bilinguals’ spoken variety, while CL is the least used. From a pedagogical perspective, this study proposes CM as a possible communicative strategy to promote interaction among students in the second language learning-teaching context in Sri Lanka.

Highlights

More than twenty decades of contact with a foreign language has resulted in a large number of lexical items being mixed by urban bilingual speakers in Sri Lanka in their daily conversations
From a socio- functional perspective, this study proposes that Sinhala-English bilinguals practice code- mixing for the definitive purpose of expressing modernization, and concludes that the characteristic of code-mixing has become a threat to the native tongue
The study examines the sociolinguistic characteristics of urban Sinhala-English spoken discourse in Sri Lankan and the reasons for their CM, and how far this mixed-code is sociolinguistically embedded

Summary

Introduction

More than twenty decades of contact with a foreign language has resulted in a large number of lexical items being mixed by urban bilingual speakers in Sri Lanka in their daily conversations. There is a major linguistic change reflected in the post-colonial Sri Lankan society in terms of Sinhala and English languages. This change has subsequently given birth to a mixed code. 133) describes, “The English rulers left behind, among other things, their language, English, which the Sinhalese have moulded in their own way. This brand of English may legitimately be called ‘Sinhalese English’”. This used to be a highly criticized and undervalued practice, it has become a characteristic of the native Sri Lankan bilingual’s spoken discourse.

Methods

Results

Conclusion