Abstract
This paper explores the 20-year evolution of the social-ecological systems framework (SESs). Although a first definition of SES dates back to 1988, Berkes and Folke more thoroughly used the concept ...
Highlights
Almost five decades have passed since the notion of a socialecological system (SES) first was coined (Ratzlaff 1970)
There is a steady increase of SES publications, we found that 61% of the papers analyzed did not even provide a definition of the term social-ecological system(s), a shortcoming that makes case comparisons difficult and reduces the usefulness of the concept
In terms of subject area, studies on SES derive from the environmental sciences (7997); social sciences (5315); agricultural and biological sciences (3602); earth and planetary sciences (1422); economics, econometrics, and finance (1100); business, management, and accounting (871); engineering (763); medicine (674); energy (523); arts and humanities (427); and computer science (383), as well as a range of other areas
Summary
Almost five decades have passed since the notion of a socialecological system (SES) first was coined (Ratzlaff 1970). It was not until 20 years ago that the concept was turned into a framework for the study of intertwined human and natural systems (Berkes and Folke 1998). Since the SES concept has been widely used in both the environmental and social sciences, as well as in economics, and in such diverse knowledge fields as medicine, psychology, and the arts and humanities. Berkes and Folke were unaware of it at the time, the first definition of a social-ecological system was made by the Russian microbiologist B.
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