Abstract
ABSTRACT Since the Iranian Revolution of 1979 there have been intermittent protests against the ruling regime over civil rights issues, with the 2022 protests often regarded as the most significant challenge to the status quo so far. These protests were perceived as being led by young women. For the first time, this study uses survey data to analyze why that should be. It investigates the evolving values of women in Iran with respect to gender equality, the impact of increased levels of female education and the adoption of new technologies that changed the way they socialized, to explain why young women led the protests. Using data from the World Values Surveys in Iran (in 2005 and 2020), and existing literature, it places this social conflict into the context of recent cultural changes in Iran. Specifically, it analyses data on the differing values and opinions of various segments of the population, by age and gender, and how they changed over time, to explore the influences that led to the protests and provide historical context as to why they occurred when they did.
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