Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the macrofungi communities of five forest types in Wunvfeng National Forest Park (Jilin, China) by collecting fruiting bodies from 2019–2021. Each forest type had three repeats and covered the main habitats of macrofungi. In addition, we evaluate selected environmental variables and macrofungi communities to relate species composition to potential environmental factors. We collected 1235 specimens belonging to 283 species, 116 genera, and 62 families. We found that Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, Russulaceae, and Tricholomataceae were the most diverse family; further, Amanita, Cortinarius, Lactarius, Russula, and Tricholoma were the dominant genera in the area. The macrofungi diversity showed increasing trends from Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zuccarini forests to Quercus mongolica Fischer ex Ledebour forests. The cumulative species richness was as follows: Q. mongolica forest A > broadleaf mixed forest B > Q. mongolica, P. koraiensis mix forest D (Q. mongolica was the dominant species) > Q. mongolica and P. koraiensis mix forest C (P. koraiensis was the dominant species) > P. koraiensis forest (E). Ectomycorrhizal fungi were the dominant functional group; they were mainly in forest type A and were influenced by soil moisture content and Q. mongolica content (p < 0.05). The wood-rotting fungus showed richer species diversity than other forest types in broadleaf forests A and B. Overall, we concluded that most fungal communities preferred forest types with a relatively high Q. mongolica content. Therefore, the deliberate protection of Q. mongolica forests proves to be a better strategy for maintaining fungal diversity in Wunvfeng National Forest Park.
Highlights
Fungal communities are essential for forest ecosystems and have many functions [1,2]
We collected 1235 specimens from 5 forest types, 940 (76.11%) of which we identified at the species level, and we classified these into 283 fungal species
Our data are based on only three years of sampling, we conclude that, as Q. mongolica increases in the forest, the abundance and diversity of macrofungal taxa increase
Summary
Fungal communities are essential for forest ecosystems and have many functions [1,2]. Saprotrophic fungi can degrade wood components (i.e., lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose [4]), and they are considered essential wood-decay-promoting organisms. These functions indicate a crucial role in maintaining the forest ecosystem’s stability [5]. The composition of EM is strongly influenced by the soil’s nitrogen content [8,9], pH [10], temperature and moisture [11,12], the species composition of the host trees [13,14], and by the seasons [15]. Factors influencing terricolous saprotrophic communities include litter quantity and pH [20], soil
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