Exploring the Relationship Between Lifestyle Factors, Cholesterol Levels, and Non-Communicable Diseases Risk: A Cross-sectional Survey of Middle-aged Adults in Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract

NCDs are a global health issue, especially in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. LLMICs lack a clear grasp of the link between socioeconomic position and behavioural risk factors for NCDs, unlike high-income nations. A cross-sectional survey of middle-aged adults in Edo State, Nigeria, examined how lifestyle factors like alcohol and tobacco use, poor diets, and physical inactivity affect socioeconomic position. A comprehensive search of 13 electronic databases, including Embase and MEDLINE, grey literature, and reference lists found primary research published between January 1, 1990, and June 30, 2015. Numerous socioeconomic and lifestyle studies from LLMICs were included. Data extraction focused on household and individual-level data, study types, methodology, outcomes, and results utilising the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group data collecting checklist. Due to study design and outcome measure diversity, narrative synthesis was used. Of 4,242 records reviewed, 75 studies satisfied inclusion criteria, including 2,135,314 people aged 10 and older from 39 LLMICs. The results showed that lower socioeconomic groups used smoke and alcohol more, while higher socioeconomic groups ate more fats, salt, and processed foods. Contrary to predictions, higher socioeconomic groups reported less physical activity. To accomplish Sustainable Development Goal 3.4, which aims to reduce early NCD mortality by one-third by 2030, socioeconomic inequities must be targeted. These policymakers and health practitioners must prioritise poverty-health nexus solutions to reduce NCD burdens.