Exploring The Prevalence And Underlying Causes Of Anemia In Hemodialysis Patients. A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Anemia is a common complication among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially those who are on hemodialysis. It also has a marked effect on their Quality of Life and with it, the morbidity-morbility. This research aimed to evaluate the frequency and incidence of anemia in hemodialysis patients at MMC. Objectives: to find out the incidence and etiological factors responsible for anemia in hemodialysis patients at MMC. Study design: a cross-sectional study Duration and place of study. From June 2023 to Aug 2023 department of nephrology mmc mardan Methods This study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis on 200 hemodialysis patients of MMC. Demographics, clinical parameters and laboratory values were collected. Anemia was characterized by an hemoglobin <13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL for women. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation assisted by the p-value for determining significance. Results Out of 200 Patients had a mean age of 58.4 years (SD =12.6). 85% of patients had anemia, with a mean hemoglobin 10.2 g/dL (SD 1.4) in anaemic patient's. The main causes of anemia were iron deficiency (60%), inflammatory states (40%) and erythropoietin resistance(alone or in combinations) for 25%, respectively. Anemia prevalence was significantly associated with all the comorbidities and with increased duration of hemodialysis. Conclusion Anemia is highly prevalent among hemodialysis patients at MMC, most often attributed to iron deficiency and inflammation. Treatments are effective as long the condition can be caught early and so, regular monitoring is vital for a more positive prognosis. Additional investigation is necessary to improve anemia care in this population. Keywords: Anemia, Hemodialysis, Prevalence, Causes