Exploring the potential of metal oxide nanoparticles as fungicides and plant nutrient boosters

Abstract

Metal oxide nanoparticles have gained increasing attention as potential solutions to the challenges faced by modern agriculture. Fungal diseases and nutrient deficiencies can significantly reduce crop yield, quality, and profitability, whereas traditional approaches such as chemical pesticides and fertilizers have raised concerns about their sustainability and environmental impact. Metal oxide nanoparticles offer a promising alternative due to their unique properties, including high surface area-to-volume ratio, catalytic activity, and ease of synthesis and modification. Various types of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide, copper oxide, titanium dioxide, and iron oxide, have been explored for their fungicidal properties and ability to enhance nutrient uptake in plants. Metal oxide nanoparticles act as fungicides by inducing oxidative stress, disrupting cellular membranes and organelles, and inhibiting fungal growth and spore germination. They can also improve soil nutrient availability by enhancing soil organic matter decomposition, releasing nutrients from insoluble forms, and promoting root growth and nutrient uptake. However, the use of metal oxide nanoparticles in agriculture also raises concerns about their potential adverse effects on soil microorganisms, plant growth, and human health and safety. This article aims to explore the potential of metal oxide nanoparticles as fungicides and nutrient boosters in agriculture. It examines the mechanism of action of metal oxide nanoparticles as fungicides and how they can improve nutrient availability in the soil. Also, it discusses the benefits and drawbacks of metal oxide nanoparticles in agriculture and addresses the environmental concerns associated with their use.