Abstract
Migraine is a disease whose aetiology and mechanism are not yet clear. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CR) is employed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat various disorders. CR is effective for migraine, but its active compounds, drug targets, and exact molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we used the method of systems pharmacology to address the above issues. We first established the drug-compound-target-disease (D-C-T-D) network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network related to the treatment of migraine with CR and then established gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. The results suggest that the treatment process may be related to the regulation of inflammation and neural activity. The docking results also revealed that PTGS2 and TRPV1 could directly bind to the active compounds that could regulate them. In addition, we found that CR affected 11 targets that were more highly expressed in the liver or heart but were the lowest in the whole brain. It also expounds the description of CR channel tropism in TCM theory from these angles. These findings not only indicate that CR can be developed as a potential effective drug for the treatment of migraine but also demonstrate the application of systems pharmacology in the discovery of herbal-based disease therapies.
Highlights
The medical community considers migraine to be a chronic neurobiological disorder, which is characterized by a long period of unilateral headache, recurrent attacks, and other features such as nausea, or photo or sound phobias [1]
HPLC grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). e raw material of Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CR) was purchased from herbal medicine markets located in Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province. ese samples were identified by professor Qianfeng Gong, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. e voucher specimens were deposited at the herbarium of the Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
We found that the enriched targets were related to a variety of signalling pathways, mainly neurorelated and inflammation-related pathways. is is manifested in neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions and the IL-17 signalling pathway. ese pathways may be the key pathways responsible for CR in the treatment of migraine. is analysis may provide a new way to explore the mechanism of CG in the treatment of migraine
Summary
The medical community considers migraine to be a chronic neurobiological disorder, which is characterized by a long period of unilateral headache (from 4 hours up to 72 hours), recurrent attacks, and other features such as nausea, or photo or sound phobias [1]. Traditional Chinese medicine has been used to treat migraine for more than 2,000 years. Cao Cao, who was an emperor in the ree Kingdoms period, suffered from migraine symptoms recognized by later doctors. Migraine belongs to the traditional Chinese medicine category “head wind” “head wind,” and differentiated by “external feeling” and “internal injury,” commonly two big categories. Erefore, Chinese medicine has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of migraine [9,10,11]. Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CR), which is derived from the root of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It belongs to Ligusticum L. in the Umbelliferous family and is widely found in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and other
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