Abstract
Platycladus orientalis (i.e., Chinese thuja) is famous for its lifespan spanning hundreds, and even thousands, of years. Most ancient P. orientalis populations are widely distributed in China, with accessible historical records, making them valuable genetic resources. In this study, the distribution pattern of ancient P. orientalis in China was analyzed based on 13 bioclimatic factors. Additionally, a specific-locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing method was applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genomes of 100 accessions from 13 populations. The resulting data revealed that the suitable areas for the distribution of ancient P. orientalis populations were accurately predicted with four main climatic factors. A total of 81,722 SNPs were identified from 461,867 SLAFs for 100 individuals, with an average sequencing depth of 10.11-fold and a Q30 value of 82.75%. The pair-wise genetic distance and genetic differentiation of 13 populations indicated that the BT-T population exhibited the largest divergence from the other populations. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree suggested the relationship between many individuals was inconsistent with the geographical location, possibly indicative of a history of transplantation and cultivation. All individuals were clustered into nine genotypes according to a structural analysis and the relationships between individuals were clarified in phylogenetic trees. This study highlights the importance of the de novo genome sequencing of ancient P. orientalis and may provide the basis for the conservation of P. orientalis genetic resources, the identification of supergene families, and the evaluation of related genetic resources.
Highlights
IntroductionPlatycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (common name: Chinese thuja) is an evergreen tree species of the family Cupressaceae that is endemic to China, with the common name of Chinese thuja
Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco is an evergreen tree species of the family Cupressaceae that is endemic to China, with the common name of Chinese thuja
The maximum entropy model was used for predicting the areas in which the ancient P. orientalis populations in China are distributed
Summary
Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco (common name: Chinese thuja) is an evergreen tree species of the family Cupressaceae that is endemic to China, with the common name of Chinese thuja. P. orientalis is highly resistant to drought and cold conditions, as well as diseases, and is widely distributed throughout China, with the exception of Qinghai and Xinjiang provinces [1,2]. It is famous for its long lifespan of hundreds, or even thousands, of years [3]. Most of the ancient P. orientalis populations distributed in China are well preserved with historical records, making them a valuable germplasm resource These trees represent historical relics that may be useful for revealing environmental, as well as social, changes. The various genetic resources of ancient P. orientalis populations may be relevant as rare study materials for research aimed at delaying senescence
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