Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) 58 is considered to be the second most predominant genotype in cervical cancer incidents in China. HPV type-restriction, non-targeted delivery, and the highcost of existing vaccines necessitate continuing research on the HPV vaccine. We aimed to explore the papillomaviral proteome in order to identify potential candidates for a chimeric vaccine against cervix papilloma using computational immunology and structural vaccinology approaches. Two overlapped epitope segments (23–36) and (29–42) from the N-terminal region of the HPV58 minor capsid protein L2 are selected as capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immunity. In total, 318 amino acid lengths of the vaccine construct SGD58 contain adjuvants (Flagellin and RS09), two Th epitopes, and linkers. SGD58 is a stable protein that is soluble, antigenic, and non-allergenic. Homology modeling and the structural refinement of the best models of SGD58 and TLR5 found 96.8% and 93.9% favored regions in Rampage, respectively. The docking results demonstrated a HADDOCK score of −62.5 ± 7.6, the binding energy (−30 kcal/mol) and 44 interacting amino acid residues between SGD58-TLR5 complex. The docked complex are stable in 100 ns of simulation. The coding sequences of SGD58 also show elevated gene expression in Escherichia coli with 1.0 codon adaptation index and 59.92% glycine-cysteine content. We conclude that SGD58 may prompt the creation a vaccine against cervix papilloma.
Highlights
Viral infection contributes to about 20% of the global burden of human cancer
The nomenclature of human papillomavirus (HPV) is distinguished by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), and is based on the suggestion obtained from the study group of papillomavirus [3]
The L2 protein of HPV58 (Accession No.: P26538), the Flagellin protein of Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (Accession No.: Q06971), and human TLR5 (Accession No.: O60602) sequences were obtained from the Swiss-Prot reviewed universal protein knowledgebase (UniProt) database [35]
Summary
Viral infection contributes to about 20% of the global burden of human cancer. The human papillomavirus (HPV) is reported in about 5% of all human cancers, Viruses 2019, 11, 63; doi:10.3390/v11010063 www.mdpi.com/journal/viruses. The nomenclature of HPV is distinguished by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), and is based on the suggestion obtained from the study group of papillomavirus [3]. ICTV follows the practice of naming species after a specific virus, such as HPV16, while the related types, namely, the “type species,” are designated as strains within the species [3,4]. The frequently used term “HPV species alpha-9” is a synonym for the ICTV term “HPV16 species”; it contains the HPV types 16, 31, 33, -35, 52, 58, and 67 strains, respectively
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