Abstract

The existing studies on the origin and history of mathematical economics are euro-centric and cover only the past two centuries. It is intended to show that 1) mathematical economics has an ancient origin. Kautilya wrote The Arthashastra during the fourth century BCE and used discrete marginal analysis and combinatory rules to sharpen economic analysis. 2) It is indicated that in the West, image of mathematics has changed directly and that of economics indirectly as the theology/philosophy of the church changed. 3) It is claimed that in India the developments in both economics and mathematics have always been simple, secular and user-friendly to solve problems related to agriculture, construction, navigation and trade.

Highlights

  • In recent years, [1] Ingrao and Israel (1990), [2] [3] Mirowski (1989, 1991) and [4] Weintraub (2002) have explored why and how of the emergence of mathematical economics in the western world during the last two centuries

  • Weintraub argues that the image of economics changed as the image of mathematics changed but without realizing that the image of mathematics in the west might have changed with the change in the theology/philosophy of the church

  • In an attempt to make mathematics perfect to conform to the image of God, it has become so complex that majority of the students cannot understand it and are turned off

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Summary

Introduction

In recent years, [1] Ingrao and Israel (1990), [2] [3] Mirowski (1989, 1991) and [4] Weintraub (2002) have explored why and how of the emergence of mathematical economics in the western world during the last two centuries. These works have been reviewed extensively and have generated both heat and light. Mathematics in India has been developed to solve practical problems and its role and image have not changed since the Harappa Civilization (2600 BCE-1800 BCE)

Raju on Images of Mathematics in the West since 5th Century BCE
Kautilya’s Psychological Theory of Risk-Taking
Kautilya on Use of Combinations for Making Policy Choices
Use of Functional Relationship by Kautilya
Conclusion

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