Exploring the optimal electropolymerization strategy for the preparation of solid-phase microextraction fibers using pyrrole-dopamine copolymers

Abstract

In-situ electropolymerization of conductive polymers on the surface of stainless-steel substrates is a well-established but promising procedure for the preparation of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) tools. Herein, different electrochemical methods including constant potential (CP), constant potential pulse (CPP), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were utilized to fabricate SPME fibers by in-situ electropolymerization of pyrrole-dopamine copolymers (PPY/PDA) on the surface of stainless-steel fibers. The coated fibers were characterized and applied for the direct-immersion SPME (DI-SPME) sampling of ultra-trace amounts of plant hormones including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and indole acetic acid (IAA) in fruit juices, followed by HPLC-UV determination. The results showed that CV electropolymerization is significantly more efficient than the two other methods. The coatings created by the CV method were satisfactorily uniform, adhesive, and durable and exhibited higher extraction performance compared to the CP and CPP procedures. The important experimental variables of the proposed DI-SPME-HPLC method were evaluated and optimized using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. The developed method showed wide-range linearities, spanning from 0.05 to 20μg mL−1 for GA3, and 0.02 to 20μg mL−1 for ABA and IAA. The limits of detection were obtained 0.01μg mL−1 for GA3, and 0.005μg mL−1 for ABA and IAA. The fiber was successfully employed for the simultaneous DI-SPME-HPLC analysis of plant hormones in fruit juice samples.