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Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of bedding material (BM) waste on physicochemical properties, organic matter (OM) degradation, microbial community structure and metabolic function during composting. The results showed that bedding material (CK-0, S1-40%, S2-25%) optimized the composting conditions for lignocellulose and OM biodegradation. The highest OM degradation and humic substance (HS) synthesis rates were observed in the 40% BM addition group. Firmicutes was more abundant in the bedding material addition groups, whereas Proteobacteria was more abundant in the group without bedding material. Functional prediction showed higher carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in the BM groups than that in control group. Animal and plant pathogens were almost eliminated, and saprotrophs were the dominant fungal trophic modes after 40% BM addition composting. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and organic matter had strong associations with microbial communities, such as Lysinibacillus and Corynebacterium (bacteria), compared to the associations of Aspergillus, Candida, and Sordariomycetes (fungi) (p value < 0.05). Network analysis revealed closer microbial community interactions in 40% BM addition group than in other groups. These findings provide detailed information about the coupling of material conversion, of bacterial and fungal succession during composting, and that bedding materials waste can also be used as an effective compost amendment.
Highlights
Livestock production accounts for approximately 40% of the global value of agricultural products and employs almost 1.3 billion people worldwide [1]
The temperature of the S1 group quickly increased to 45 ◦ C, entering the mesophilic phase (45–55 ◦ C) after 3 days of incubation, which was faster than CK and S2 groups (p < 0.05) because the diverse, degradable substances decomposed rapidly, exhibiting substantial heat loss [30]
These results likely indicated that the addition of 40% bedding material could effectively increase the composting thermophilic temperature, maintain the composting temperature, and shorten the whole composting time
Summary
Livestock production accounts for approximately 40% of the global value of agricultural products and employs almost 1.3 billion people worldwide [1] It raises concerns about substantial manure generation [1]. CM contains various hazardous components and pathogens, and the improper handling of CM poses threats to soils, crops, and human health, and causes water and air environmental pollution to the surroundings [3,4]. Biomass bedding is another popular technology in the livestock industry, especially in the cow dairy industry, which provides a comfortable lying surface for animals on farms [5,6].
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