Abstract
Renewable liquid fuels are crucial for sustainable energy transitions. However, conventional biodiesel production via transesterification suffers from limitations such as slow reaction kinetics and inefficient mass transfer. Ultrasonic technology has emerged as an effective intensification route through enhanced mixing and contacting at the oil-alcohol interface. This bibliometric study charts the expanding global research landscape on ultrasound-assisted biodiesel synthesis over 2003–2023. A literature search of the Scopus database identified over 740 publications applying ultrasonic transesterification for biodiesel production. Publications were analyzed using bibliometric indicators and visualization tools to provide quantitative insights. Results show substantial output growth since 2007, led by nations like India, Malaysia, China, Iran and the U.S. Key institutions and authors driving advancements are identified, alongside major research areas. The comprehensive mapping of knowledge development patterns and influential contributors reveals opportunities to optimize green ultrasonic technologies for sustainable fuel scaling through deeper international collaborations. The insights generated provide guidance on priority research areas to advance biodiesel development through further intensified ultrasound-assisted approaches.
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