Abstract
Social networks are sources of support and contribute to the well‐being of older adults who are ageing in place. As social networks change, especially when accompanied by health decline, older adults’ sources of support change and their well‐being is challenged. Previous studies predominantly used quantitative measures to examine how older adults’ social networks change. Alternatively, this study explores the impact of changing social networks on older adults’ lives by examining their personal experiences. We held four focus groups, two with a total of 14 older adults who are ageing in place and receiving home care and two with a total of 20 home‐care nurses from different regions and organisations in the Netherlands. Subsequently, an expert team of home‐care professionals and managers discussed and verified the results. Procedures for grounded theory building were used for analysis. We revealed four themes of high‐impact experiences: (a) struggling with illness/death of the spouse; (b) working out a changing relationship with (grand)children; (c) regretting the loss of people they have known for so long and (d) feeling dependent and stressed when helpers enter the network. Also, network dynamics were found to follow three consecutive stages: (a) awareness of social network change; (b) surprise when social network change actually occurs and (c) acceptance and adjusting to new circumstances. Together, the four themes of experiences and three stages of network change form an integrative model of the role of social network dynamics for older adults’ lives when ageing in place.
Highlights
Older adults prefer to live independently and to stay in their own home if possible, called ‘ageing in place’ (Wiles, Leibing, Guberman, Reeve, & Allen, 2012)
These changes in social networks, some of which can be interpreted as life events, challenge ageing in place because they are negatively associated with older adults’ health and well‐being (Ellwardt, van Tilburg, Aartsen, Wittek, & Steverink, 2015; Ellwardt, van Tilburg, & Aartsen, 2015; Kelly et al, 2017; Krause, 2004) and they affect sup‐ port needs and resources (Guiaux, van Tilburg, & Broese van Groenou, 2007; Tomassini et al, 2004)
In order to reach a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of social network change on older adults' lives, in Figure 1 we show how the three stages interact with the four themes of high‐impact experiences (‘struggling with death/illness’, ‘regretting loss’, ‘working out changing relations’, and ‘feeling dependent’)
Summary
Older adults prefer to live independently and to stay in their own home if possible, called ‘ageing in place’ (Wiles, Leibing, Guberman, Reeve, & Allen, 2012). Other common findings include a loss of friends and a relatively increasing share of family members within networks (Bowling et al, 1995; Conway et al, 2013; Fuller‐Iglesias et al, 2015; Reinhardt et al, 2003) and the ending of re‐ lationships without frequent contact or with little support (‘peripheral relations’) (Kahn & Antonucci, 1981; Klein Ikkink & van Tilburg, 1999) These changes in social networks, some of which can be interpreted as life events, challenge ageing in place because they are negatively associated with older adults’ health and well‐being (Ellwardt, van Tilburg, Aartsen, Wittek, & Steverink, 2015; Ellwardt, van Tilburg, & Aartsen, 2015; Kelly et al, 2017; Krause, 2004) and they affect sup‐ port needs and resources (Guiaux, van Tilburg, & Broese van Groenou, 2007; Tomassini et al, 2004). We believe that examining older adults’ experiences with their changing social networks from a more holistic and comprehensive approach, could contribute to a broader understanding of social network change in older adults’ lives
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