Exploring the identification, validation, and categorization of the cost and benefits of criminal justice in mental health: the PECUNIA project.

Luca M M Janssen,Silvia M A A Evers,Judit Simon,Irina Pokhilenko,W Hollingworth,On Behalf Of The Pecunia Group ,Hans-Helmut König,Aggie T G Paulus,Luis Salvador-Carulla,Valentin Brodszky,Ruben M W A Drost,A-La Park

doi:10.1017/s0266462320000471

Abstract

Mental health disorders and their treatments produce significant costs and benefits in both healthcare and non-healthcare sectors. The latter are often referred to as intersectoral costs and benefits (ICBs). Little is known about healthcare-related ICBs in the criminal justice sector and how to include these in health economics research. The triple aim of this study is (i) to identify healthcare-related ICBs in the criminal justice sector, (ii) to validate the list of healthcare-related ICBs in the criminal justice sector on a European level by sector-specific experts, and (iii) to classify the identified ICBs. A scientific literature search in PubMed and an additional grey literature search, carried out in six European countries, were used to retrieve ICBs. In order to validate the international applicability of the ICBs, a survey was conducted with an international group of experts from the criminal justice sector. The list of criminal justice ICBs was categorized according to the PECUNIA conceptual framework. The full-text analysis of forty-five peer-reviewed journal articles and eleven grey literature sources resulted in a draft list of items. Input from the expert survey resulted in a final list of fourteen unique criminal justice ICBs, categorized according to the care atom. This study laid further foundations for the inclusion of important societal costs of mental health-related interventions within the criminal justice sector. More research is needed to facilitate the further and increased inclusion of ICBs in health economics research.

Highlights

Mental health disorders and their treatments produce significant costs and benefits in both healthcare and non-healthcare sectors
Due to a large number of hits, the search was limited to articles concerning the three illustrated diseases from the PECUNIA project: depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia
Criminal justice intersectoral costs and benefits (ICBs) are often left out of mental health economics research conducted from a societal perspective, even though research has already shown that mental health disorders may produce costs and benefits in the criminal justice sector [3,4,5]

Summary

Introduction

Mental health disorders and their treatments produce significant costs and benefits in both healthcare and non-healthcare sectors. The latter are often referred to as intersectoral costs and benefits (ICBs). Input from the expert survey resulted in a final list of fourteen unique criminal justice ICBs, categorized according to the care atom. This study laid further foundations for the inclusion of important societal costs of mental health-related interventions within the criminal justice sector. The criminal justice sector is one of the sectors outside the healthcare sector that may be affected by individuals with a mental health disorder. Several studies address the issue of individuals with a mental health disorder having encounters with the criminal justice system [3,4,5]. The societal costs associated with these encounters can be substantial

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