Exploring the Ground and Excited State Potential Energy Landscapes of the Mixed-Valence Biferrocenium Complex

Abstract

Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) have been used to explore the potential energy landscapes in the class II (in Robin and Day classification) mixed-valence biferrocenium mono-cation (BF(+)) in an effort to evaluate factors affecting optical and thermal intramolecular electron transfer rates. Both energy- and spectroscopy-based benchmarks were used to explore the adiabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the mixed-valence BF(+) cation along with the optimization of appropriate ground-, excited-, and transition-state geometries. The calculation of Mossbauer isomer shifts and quadrupole splittings, UV-vis excitation energies, and the electronic coupling matrix element, H(ab), corroborate the PES analyses. The adiabatic electron transfer pathway is also analyzed with respect to several possible vibronic coordinates. The degree of the electronic coupling between iron sites, the value of H(ab), and the nature of the electron transfer pathway correlate with the amount of Hartree-Fock exchange involved in the DFT calculation with hybrid (approximately 20% of Hartree-Fock exchange) methods providing the best agreement between theory and experiment. DFT (B3LYP) predicted values of H(ab) (839, 1085, and 1265 cm(-1)) depend on the computational method and are in good agreement with experimental data.