Abstract
Maintaining genomic stability is inevitable for organism survival and it is challenged by mutagenic agents, which include ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Whenever DNA damage occurs, it is sensed by DNA-repairing proteins and thereby performing the DNA-repair mechanism. Specifically, in response to DNA damage, H2AX is a key protein involved in initiating the DNA-repair processes. In this present study, we investigate the effect of UV-C on earthworm, Perionyx excavatus and analyzed the DNA-damage response. Briefly, we expose the worms to different doses of UV-C and find that worms are highly sensitive to UV-C. As a primary response, earthworms produce coelomic fluid followed by autotomy. However, tissue inflammation followed by death is observed when we expose worm to increased doses of UV-C. In particular, UV-C promotes damages in skin layers and on the contrary, it mediates the chloragogen and epithelial outgrowth in intestinal tissues. Furthermore, UV-C promotes DNA damages followed by upregulation of H2AX on dose-dependent manner. Our finding confirms DNA damage caused by UV-C is directly proportional to the expression of H2AX. In short, we conclude that H2AX is present in the invertebrate earthworm, which plays an evolutionarily conserved role in DNA damage event as like that in higher animals.
Highlights
For the survival of organisms, maintenance of genome integrity is crucial and inevitable[1]
Phenotypical, pathological, lethal effect, DNA damage, and the expression of H2AX analyzed in our study, we conclude that the earthworm, P. excavatus is highly sensitive to UV-C
Our study suggests that UV-C-induced cell death in earthworm is lead by apoptosis and necrosis pathway
Summary
For the survival of organisms, maintenance of genome integrity is crucial and inevitable[1]. The total stratospheric ozone layer depleted by 10% so that the UV-B reaching. UV-C is strappingly absorbed by nucleic acids of purine as well as pyrimidine bases and generate excited-state species, which leads to DNA damage and results in cell death or m utation[20,21]. Solar radiation effects on the living system have been highly discussed[26,27]; but limited studies discussed the effect of UV-C in animals. Concerns with high depletion of the ozone layer and increasing uses of artificial UV-C lead us to showcase the importance of UV-C effect on the animal system. Earthworms are hermaphrodite, segmented, tubular worm, which come under phylum-Annelida, classOligochaeta[28] These are widely used as a model system for r egeneration[29] and toxicology studies, w orldwide[30]. We explored the presence of H2AX protein in earthworm and confirm its role in DNA repairing event
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