Abstract
As one of the main driving forces for the change in surface energy balance, land use and cover change affects the ecological climate through different levels of biogeochemical and physical processes. However, many studies on the surface energy balance are conducted from the perspective of biogeochemistry, ignoring biogeochemical processes. By using core methods such as the surface energy balance algorithm and Mann-Kendall trend test, we analyzed the surface energy balance mechanism and ecological climate effects of five land use types in the Huang-Huai-Hai Basin in China. The results showed that: (1) the net radiation and latent heat flux in the five land use types increased significantly, and their highest values were located in cropland areas and urban expansion areas, respectively. (2) The influence of net radiation on surface energy absorption was greater than latent heat flux. This relationship was more obvious in land use types that were greatly influenced by human activities. (3) The net surface energy intake in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin showed a decreasing trend and decreased with the increase in human influence intensity, indicating that human activities weakened the positive trend in net surface energy intake and increased the warming effect. This study reveals the difference in energy budgets of different land use types under the influence of human activities. It is helpful for understanding how to formulate sustainable land management strategies, and it also provides a theoretical basis for judging the climate change trends and urban heat island effects in the Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin from a biogeophysical perspective.
Highlights
The concentration of surface energy exchange reflects the energy link function of the coupling process between the earth and the atmosphere, which is a link in the land surface process
The results show that changes in short-wave radiat associated with patterns of change in the five land use types are not obvious, but with increase in human activity intensity and after the superposition of long-wave radiati the NR of each land use type shows a clear pattern of change
The Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin consists of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, Haihe River, Huaihe River and their tributaries, and it is an important grain producing area in China
Summary
The concentration of surface energy exchange reflects the energy link function of the coupling process between the earth and the atmosphere, which is a link in the land surface process It is a process of surface heat balance and radiation balance, which is closely related to solar radiation, ecological changes and human activities [1,2]. Owing to the complexity of surface energy mechanisms, other influence factors are required to reflect the effects of surface albedo and latent heat flux (LH) [8,9] when estimating surface energy revenue and expenditure processes under various land-use types or conditions, such as land use and cover changes (LUCC) and surface temperature (LST). The research results can be used as a guide for the study of urban temperature change and help to understand the energy balance effects of climate change and land cover types [24,25]
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