Exploring the Dimensions of Movement-Specific Reinvestment From Personal Characteristics Perspectives.

Masato Kawabata,Kuniyasu Imanaka

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716945

Abstract

The purposes of the present study were three-fold: to examine (a) if the movement-specific reinvestment responses should be represented as two dimensional constructs, (b) whether dichotomization of the movement-specific reinvestment responses are appropriate, and (c) how the two dimensions are associated with relevant psychological concepts. To conduct a comparative examination of the MSRS structure in two Asian samples, participants were 236 Japanese university students (136 men, 100 women; Mage = 18.0, SD = 1.6) and 328 Singaporeans (167 men, 161 women; Mage = 21.8, SD = 1.8). After examining the factor structure of the movement-specific reinvestment responses for the first purpose, latent class factor analysis was conducted for both samples for the second purpose. For the third purpose, correlation analysis and mediation analysis were conducted for a part of the Singaporean sample. Through a series of latent class factor analysis, four and three classes were identified for the Japanese and Singaporean samples, respectively. For both samples, the patterns of the item-average scores for the two movement-specific reinvestment dimensions were parallel among the classes. Conscious Motor Processing was positively associated with mental toughness, intrinsic regulation, integrated regulation, mastery-approach and task goal orientations, and dispositional flow, whereas Movement Self-Consciousness was positively related with stress and mastery-avoidance goal orientation. The findings of the study supported (a) the two-dimensional representation of the movement-specific reinvestment responses, but did not fully support (b) the practice of dichotomization of the movement-specific reinvestment responses, and indicated that (c) at the trait level, Conscious Motor Processing and Movement Self-Consciousness were associated with positive and negative psychological constructs, respectively.

Highlights

There are many occasions in which individuals are required to carry about complex tasks well under stressful situations and playing sport under pressure is one of them
The Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS) consists of two dimensions: Movement Self-Consciousness (MS-C) and Conscious Motor Processing (CMP)
The latent correlation in this model was 0.57 and much lower than the latent correlation in the corresponding confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model (Model 1). These results clearly showed that the latent correlation in the CFA model was inflated due to the cross-loading of several items

Summary

Introduction

There are many occasions in which individuals are required to carry about complex tasks well under stressful situations and playing sport under pressure is one of them. In the theory of reinvestment, Masters and colleagues (Masters, 1992; Masters et al, 1993) suggested that the performer’s attempts to consciously monitor and control the mechanics of movements (i.e., reinvestment) could disrupt relatively automated motor processes if conscious monitoring and control mechanisms are employed improperly. They argue the involvement of conscious monitoring and control mechanisms in motor processes depends on situational contexts, such as psychological pressure or individual personality differences (Masters and Maxwell, 2008; Malhotra et al, 2015). CMP is characterized by “contemplation of the process of movement” (e.g., “I am aware of the way my body works when I am carrying out a movement”) and consistent with reinvestment theory (Masters and Maxwell, 2008)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion