Exploring the determinants associated with adult mortality in Malta: A cohort study between 2014 and 2020

Abstract

ObjectiveThe study set to explore the mortality causes across six years and identify potential mortality determinates at a population level in Malta. Study design and methodsA longitudinal follow-up of a Malta based cross-sectional national representative study across 6 years (2014–2020) was carried out. The study population was cross-linked to the mortality register and causes of death obtained. Population characteristics gathered during initial examination were analysed through univariant and multivariant logistic regressions. ResultsA total of 66 adults, mostly male (65.15 % n = 43) died, with commonest cause being cancer (42.42 % CI95 %: 31.24–54.45) mostly due to malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung. This was followed by cardiac pathologies including acute myocardial infarction, ischaemic cardiomyopathy, and cardiomegaly (25.76 % CI95 %: 16.67–37.51). Multivariant logistic regression analyses revealed positive associations between age (OR: 1.99 p = 0.02), history of coronary heart disease (OR: 11.78 p=<0.001), smoking for 31 years or more (OR: 8.22 p=<0.001) and presence of multimorbidity (OR: 1.32 p = 0.02). ConclusionIt is evident that occurrence of cancers is a concern in Malta, and it requires targeted action including the reduction of smoking habits. Understanding the mortality causes and the associated determining factors at a population level enable the institution of preventive actions while strengthening healthcare services to safeguard the population from premature mortality and co-morbidity.