Exploring the Depths: 3D Modeling of Ukraine's Caves through Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Digital Photogrammetry

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive exploration of Mlynky Cave in Ternopil Region and Medova Cave in Lviv, Ukraine, utilizing advanced geospatial technologies for 3D modeling. In the investigation of Mlynky Cave located in the Ternopil region, terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry techniques were employed. Concurrently, for the exploration of Medova Cave situated in the city of Lviv and renowned as a unique tourist attraction, a combination of terrestrial laser scanning and manual scanning using the Stonex X120 handheld laser scanner was implemented. The application of terrestrial laser scanning and digital photogrammetry to Mlynky Cave facilitated the capture of high-resolution point clouds, resulting in a detailed three-dimensional representation of the cave's interior. The generated 3D model offers an immersive and navigable experience, allowing for remote exploration and analysis. In contrast, the exploration of Medova Cave, being a distinctive tourist landmark in Lviv, involved a dual scanning approach. Terrestrial laser scanning contributed to the overall mapping of the cave, while the Stonex X120 handheld laser scanner was specifically employed for targeted and detailed scanning of intricate features. This combination of technologies resulted in a holistic 3D model that preserves the unique geological formations and historical significance of Medova Cave. The findings from this research highlight the effectiveness of integrating various scanning methodologies, including terrestrial laser scanning and manual scanning with devices like the Stonex X120. The comprehensive 3D models not only contribute to scientific research and geological analysis but also serve as valuable tools for conservation efforts and educational purposes. This study sets a precedent for the application of advanced scanning techniques in cave exploration, showcasing the adaptability of technology in addressing the diverse challenges encountered during fieldwork. As the boundaries of geospatial technology in subterranean environments continue to expand, this research contributes to the evolving methodologies in cave exploration, emphasizing the importance of a multi-faceted approach to documentation and preservation.