Exploring the construction of urban artificial light ecology: a systematic review and the future prospects of light pollution.

Abstract

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is rapidly growing and expanding globally, posing threats to ecological safety. Urban light pollution prevention and control are moving toward urban artificial light ecology construction. To clarify the need for light ecology construction, this work analyzes 1690 articles on ALAN and light pollution and 604 on ecological light pollution from 1998 to 2022. The development process and thematic evolution of light pollution research are combed through, the historical inevitability of artificial light ecology construction is excavated, and the ecological risks of light pollution to typical animals are summarized. The results show that international research has advanced to the ecological risk factors of light pollution and the related stress mechanisms, the quantification, prediction, and pre-warning by multiple technical means, and the translation of light pollution research outcomes to prevention and control practices. While Chinese scholars have begun to pay attention to the ecological risks of light pollution, the evaluation indicators and prevention and control measures remain primarily based on human-centered needs. Therefore, a more integrated demand-side framework of light ecology construction that comprehensively considers multiple risk receptors is further constructed. Given the development trend in China, we clarified the consistency of the ecological effect of landscape lighting with landsense ecology and the consistency of light ecological risk prevention and control with the concept of One Health. Ultimately, landsense light ecology is proposed based on the "One Health" concept. This work is expected to provide a reference and inspiration for future construction of urban artificial light ecology.