Abstract
Catalytic oxidation/degradation of phenol with molecular oxygen in aqueous medium by Zirconia, zirconia supported metals and metal oxides at low temperature were studied in a three necked batch reactor. The catalysts prepared were characterized by modern techniques like XRD, SEM and EDX. The activities of different catalysts for the oxidation of phenol in aqueous medium were found to be in the order; Pt-Pd/ZrO2 > Bi-Pt/ZrO2 > Bi-Pd/ZrO2> Pt/ZrO2 > Pd/ZrO2 > Cu/ZrO2> Mn/ZrO2 > Bi/ZrO2. The enhanced catalytic activity of Bi-Pt/ZrO2 is attributed to Bi which in contact with Pt particles promotes its catalytic activity. In short, catalytic oxidation was found to be an effective tool, for the removal of phenol, from industrial waste water.
Highlights
Undesired phenol wastes are produced by many industries including the chemicals, plastics and resins, coke, steel, and petroleum industries
We explored the effectiveness of zirconia-supported noble metals (Pt and Pd) and bismuth promoted zirconia supported noble metals for the oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution
The major peaks indicating the monoclinic structure of zirconia appear at 2 = 28.18 ̊ and 31.38 ̊ while no peak, characteristic for tetragonal phase (2 = 30.94 ̊), appears suggesting that zirconia is purely present in monoclinic phase
Summary
Undesired phenol wastes are produced by many industries including the chemicals, plastics and resins, coke, steel, and petroleum industries. Phenol may be treated by chemical oxidation, bio-oxidation and adsorption Chemical oxidation such as with hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide has a low capital but a high operating cost. Nol concentration and any other chemical pollutant that may be present in the wastewater Depending on these variables, a single or a combination of treatments may be used. The ability to carry out the process at substantially milder conditions of temperature and pressure, in comparison to supercritical water oxidation and wet air oxidation, is achieved through the use of an extremely active supported noble metal catalyst. Castro et al [6] have reported that polymer-supported metal complexes have been used as catalysts for the catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation of Phenol with high yield; the unacceptable point was leaching of the metal. We explored the effectiveness of zirconia-supported noble metals (Pt and Pd) and bismuth promoted zirconia supported noble metals for the oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution
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