Abstract
BackgroundPost-menopausal osteoporosis is a concern of health organizations, and current treatments do not seem enough. Postbiotics as bioactive compounds produced by probiotics may be an attractive alternative for bone health. In this study, we prepared, formulated, and compared the effects of cell lysate and supernatant of five native probiotic strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bacillus coagulans) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.MethodsThe probiotic strains were isolated, and their cell-free supernatants and biomasses as postbiotics were extracted and formulated using standard microbial processes. The Sprague-Dawley rats were fed by 1 × 109 CFU/ml/day postbiotic preparations for 4 weeks immediately after ovariectomy. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were accomplished to evaluate femur, spine, and tibia BMD. The serum biochemical markers [calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase] were assessed.ResultsPostbiotics could considerably improve the global and femur area in OVX rats. In the case of global bone mineral density (BMD), Lactobacillus casei lysate and supernatant, Bacillus coagulans lysate and supernatant, lysate of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus reuteri supernatant significantly increased BMD. We found Bacillus coagulans supernatant meaningfully enriched tibia BMD.ConclusionPostbiotic could ameliorate bone loss resulting from estrogen deficiency. Also, the effects of postbiotics on different bone sites are strain-dependent. More clinical studies need to explore the optimal administrative dose and duration of the specific postbiotics in protecting bone loss.
Highlights
Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a concern of health organizations, and current treatments do not seem enough
Phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase after supplementation with postbiotics The results demonstrated that calcium (Ca) concentration in serum was lower in the OVX group compared to the control group at the end of the experiment, but the difference was not significant
In all postbiotic treated groups except the group treated with Lactobacillus acidophilus, the Ca concentration was higher in lysate groups in comparison with supernatant groups (Fig. 1a)
Summary
Post-menopausal osteoporosis is a concern of health organizations, and current treatments do not seem enough. As a primary concern of health organizations, osteoporosis is described by an imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity, which leads to conceded bone strength and elevation of fracture risk [1, 2]. Montazeri-Najafabady et al BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021) 21:155 teriparatide [5]. These medications have not been sufficient for osteoporosis treatment and are associated with many adverse effects such as upper gastrointestinal discomfort, venous thromboembolism, and increased cancer rates [5]. Sex steroid deficiency associated-bone loss is microbiota dependent and prevented by probiotics [7]
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