Abstract
A significant rise in bone-related defects affects the quality of life which impels researchers to facilitate the new approaches for bone regeneration. Herein, we have explored the bioactive nature of nano-titania for its utilization in bone tissue engineering. The titania-doped ternary nanocomposite film (PVA/NC-TiO2) was prepared by the fusion of Polyvinylalcohol (PVA), nano-cellulose (NC), and TiO2 (0.01 wt%) nanoparticles via sol-gel casting and compared with its binary nanocomposite film (PVA/NC). The simple and low-cost synthesis of these nanocomposite films, together with remarkable bioactive and thermo-mechanical properties, makes them a good candidate for their applications in human bone regeneration. The fabricated nanocomposite films were characterized through Fourier transform infra-red, Ultra-violet spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis to study complex formation and intermolecular interactions between the molecular entities.The SEM and TEM micrographs revealed the smooth surface of the developed binary and ternary nanocomposite films along with homogenous particle distribution. The thermo-mechanical stability was significantly improved when the nanocomposite film was modified with TiO2 nanoparticles indicating an enhancement of intermolecular interactions in PVA/NC-TiO2 film as compared to PVA/NC film. The Dynamic mechanical analysis results show higher storage modulus and glass transition temperature for PVA/NC-TiO2 film (9131.26 MPa, 74.3 °C) than PVA/NC film (7588 MPa, 64.3 °C). A comparative analysis of nanocomposite films revealed that PVA/NC-TiO2 film exhibited a thick and more uniformed layer of Ca–P mineral on its surface than PVA/NC film when incubated in Simulated Buffer Saline. The low loading of TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in a positive reinforcement effect on the bioactivity of the PVA/NC-TiO2 film (cell viability higher than 80%, hemolysis less than 1.7%) which provides an effective gateway for polymer nanocomposites in the dynamic orthopedic application by serving a better bone template for the regeneration of bone tissue.
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