Abstract
Lactobacillus sp. have long been studied for their great potential in probiotic applications. Recently, proteomics analysis has become a useful tool for studies on potential lactobacilli probiotics. Specifically, proteomics has helped determine and describe the physiological changes that lactic acid bacteria undergo in specific conditions, especially in the host gut. In particular, the extracellular proteome, or exoproteome, of lactobacilli contains proteins specific to host– or environment–microbe interactions. Using gel-free, label-free ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we explored the exoproteome of the probiotic candidate Lactobacillus mucosae LM1 subjected to bile treatment, to determine the proteins it may use against bile stress in the gut. Bile stress increased the size of the LM1 exoproteome, secreting ribosomal proteins (50S ribosomal protein L27 and L16) and metabolic proteins (lactate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenases, among others) that might have moonlighting functions in the LM1 bile stress response. Interestingly, membrane-associated proteins (transporters, peptidase, ligase and cell division protein ftsH) were among the key proteins whose secretion were induced by the LM1 bile stress response. These specific proteins from LM1 exoproteome will be useful in observing the proposed bile response mechanisms via in vitro experiments. Our data also reveal the possible beneficial effects of LM1 to the host gut.
Highlights
We found that a natural inhabitant of the pig intestine, bacterial isolate Lactobacillus mucosae strain LM1, has probiotic characteristics including good adhesion ability, aggregation ability, pathogen inhibition ability and bile tolerance ability
The exoproteome of L. mucosae LM1 expressed in response to bile treatments was investigated in this study
Compared to the proteomes of other lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM [15], L. johnsonii PF01 and CI-10 [12] and L. rhamnosus GG [16], LM1 has a large number of proteins in its exoproteome
Summary
Beneficial microorganisms were introduced as probiotics more than one hundred years ago, and have been used widely since for prevention of food spoilage and for improvement of nutrient absorption from non-digestible food and overall gut health [1]. “Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”, a probiotic candidate must be identified genetically, must be able to survive the host gut environment, must provide health benefits to the host, must have information about the effects on various hosts, and must be tested adequately prior to probiotic application [2]. Are good probiotic candidates due to their numerous existing applications in the food industry without adverse effects on consumers. Lactobacilli have been granted GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status. Meat and vegetables, as well as functional foods, lactobacilli have numerous current uses
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