Abstract
BackgroundAccording to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 44,000 people are forced to flee their homes every day due to conflict or persecution. Although refugee camps are designed to provide a safe temporary location for displaced persons, increasing evidence demonstrates that the camps themselves have become stressful and dangerous long-term places—especially for women. However, there is limited literature focused on refugee women’s perspectives on their insecurity. This qualitative study sought to better understand the ways in which women experienced insecurity at a refugee camp in Kenya.Methods and findingsBetween May 2017 and June 2017, ethnographic semi-structured interviews accompanied by observation were conducted with a snowball sampling of 20 Somali (n = 10) and Ethiopian Oromo (n = 10) women, 18 years and older, who had had at least 1 pregnancy while living in Kakuma Refugee Camp. The interviews were orally translated, transcribed, entered into Dedoose software for coding, and analyzed utilizing an ethnographic approach. Four sources of insecurity became evident: tension between refugees and the host community, intra- or intercultural conflicts, direct abuse and/or neglect by camp staff and security personnel, and unsafe situations in accessing healthcare–both in traveling to healthcare facilities and in the facilities themselves. Potential limitations include nonrandom sampling, the focus on a specific population, the inability to record interviews, and possible subtle errors in translation.ConclusionsIn this study, we observed that women felt insecure in almost every area of the camp, with there being no place in the camp where the women felt safe. As it is well documented that insecure and stressful settings may have deleterious effects on health, understanding the sources of insecurity for women in refugee camps can help to guide services for healthcare in displaced settings. By creating a safer environment for these women in private, in public, and in the process of accessing care in refugee camps, we can improve health for them and their babies.
Highlights
Political and economic insecurity is rising all over the world
We describe the “political economy of insecurity,” defined as the political and economic environments that create an insecure environment for refugees
This study explores the sources of insecurity and personal experiences of Ethiopian Oromo and Somali women while residing in Kakuma Refugee Camp
Summary
Political and economic insecurity is rising all over the world. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), at the height of the current refugee crisis in 2018, there were approximately 70.8 million displaced persons, with an average of 25 people newly displaced every minute [1]. The increased number of displaced persons has amplified the crowding in refugee settings, contributing to a new source of economic and political insecurity for refugees. With an anticipated increase in births occurring in refugee and displaced persons environments, it is important to fully understand how these environments affect women. We describe the “political economy of insecurity,” defined as the political and economic environments that create an insecure environment for refugees. The political environment plays a role in the economic environment, as the governing organizations can dictate the types of employment refugees can and cannot obtain while living in the camps. There is limited literature focused on refugee women’s perspectives on their insecurity
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