Exploring Solid‐State Supramolecular Architectures of Penta(carboxymethyl)diethylenetriamine: Experimental Observation and Theoretical Studies

Abstract

AbstractCrystals of penta(carboxymethyl)diethylenetriamine have been structurally characterized through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that various non‐covalent interactions combine to determine the crystal packing and final solid‐state supramolecular assembling behavior. The title compound exhibited various 2D supramolecular networks generated through O−H⋅⋅⋅O and C−H⋅⋅⋅O interactions. The C−H⋅⋅⋅O interactions are pivotal in building a two‐dimensional framework, whose formation is readily analyzed with zero‐dimensional centrosymmetric dimeric rings as building blocks within the structure. All the intermolecular interactions are quantified through Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots. Energy frameworks are constructed to analyze the dominant interaction energy involved in molecular packing strength. Bader's quantum theory of “atoms‐in‐molecules” (QTAIM) has been used to analyze and characterize non‐covalent interactions. The QTAIM analysis validates the existence of hydrogen bonding contacts, and the topological properties of bond critical points (BCPs), such as the electron density ρ(r) and its Laplacian ∇2ρ(r), are presented to correlate with the interaction energy. The topological analysis revealed that all of the interactions are closed‐shell interactions. Finally, the “Non‐covalent Interaction” (NCI) plot index illustrates the solid‐state supramolecular networks.