Exploring social and health care representations about home birth: An Integrative Literature Review.

Abstract

Exploring social and health care representations of home birth by conducting an integrative review of the literature. Integrative Literature Review. The search was based on the following keywords: "birth, home," "home birth," "childbirth, home." And the terms: "planned home birth," and "empowerment women homebirth" (in English). "partos en casa," and "partos domiciliarios" (in Spanish) in the following databases: Biomedical Central, Cochrane Library, Dialnet, DOAJ, Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science. A total of 156 publications dated between 2004 and 2017 were initially obtained and a total of 41 articles were finally selected according to the criteria of inclusion, methodological rigor, and researchers' triangulation. Four dimensions of the issue emerged out of the 41 articles analyzed: (a) the Dimension of "Empowerment in Childbirth;" (b) the Dimension of "Comparative Socio-Medical Childbirth Studies;" (c) the "Institutional Dimension of Childbirth;" (d) the "Cultural Dimension of Childbirth." From the health management perspective, home birth is not widely accepted today as a valid and safe alternative. However, women's social representations indicate an interest in returning to birth at home as a response to the excessive medicalization and institutionalization of childbirth, and value highly its autonomy and comfort.