Exploring secular variation of the gravitational constant from high-resolution quasar spectra

Abstract

The exploration of potential variations in fundamental physical constants is crucial for testing of Grand Unification Theories (GUTs), which aim to unify the fundamental forces of nature. This study utilizes direct observational tests to explore these variations, offering a deep-look into the universe's distant past. By analyzing high-resolution quasar spectra of HE 0515–4414* and comparing them with laboratory-calibrated Ritz wavelengths, we establish an upper limit on the possible cosmological deviation of the gravitational constant: G˙/G=(0.918±2.830)×10-15yr-1\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\dot{\ ext{G}}/\ ext{G}=(0.918 \\pm 2.830)\ imes {10}^{-15}{\ ext{ yr}}^{-1}$$\\end{document} over cosmic timescales. Our findings provide a novel tool for probing the physical implications of GUTs, contributing to our understanding of fundamental physics.