Abstract
Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at high risk of opportunistic infections. Oral manifestations have been associated with the level of immunosuppression, these include periodontal diseases, and understanding the microbial populations in the oral cavity is crucial for clinical management. The aim of this study was to examine the salivary bacterial diversity in patients newly admitted to the AIDS ward of the Public Health Clinical Center (China). Saliva samples were collected from 15 patients with AIDS who were randomly recruited between December 2013 and March 2014. Extracted DNA was used as template to amplify bacterial 16S rRNA. Sequencing of the amplicon library was performed using a 454 GS-FLX Titanium sequencing platform. Reads were optimized and clustered into operational taxonomic units for further analysis. A total of 10 bacterial phyla (106 genera) were detected. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were preponderant in the salivary microbiota in AIDS patients. The pathogen, Capnocytophaga sp., and others not considered pathogenic such as Neisseria elongata, Streptococcus mitis, and Mycoplasma salivarium but which may be opportunistic infective agents were detected. Dialister pneumosintes, Eubacterium infirmum, Rothia mucilaginosa, and Treponema parvum were preponderant in AIDS patients with periodontitis. Patients with necrotic periodontitis had a distinct salivary bacterial profile from those with chronic periodontitis. This is the first study using advanced sequencing techniques focused on hospitalized AIDS patients showing the diversity of their salivary microbiota.
Highlights
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the advanced stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Patients were allocated to one of three groups according to periodontal status: periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis, which can be subcategorized into chronic periodontitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related necrotic periodontitis
AIDS patients are in a long-term compromised immune state, and the resulting effect on oral microbiota and its relationship with chronic oral infectious diseases are not fully understood
Summary
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the advanced stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. As prominent features of HIV infection and AIDS, oral manifestations have been associated with the level of immunosuppression, and are Salivary microbiota in AIDS patients considered as an indication of exacerbation and progression (Greenspan et al, 2004). Among these oral manifestations, various types of periodontal diseases are regarded as serious complications of HIV infection and have important diagnostic and prognostic values (Coogan et al, 2005). A previous study compared the microbiota between healthy controls and patients with HIV, and showed that patients with HIV had an increased oral colonization by Micrococcus sp. Microbiological shift, behavior and immune function of the host all contribute to the etiology of infectious diseases in these patients (Marsh, 2003)
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