Abstract

This study explored risk and protective factors for cyberbullying perpetration and examined whether they independently and interactively predicted cyberbullying perpetration. Based on key propositions of micro-level theories of crime and delinquency, we adopted two risk factors, cyberbullying victimization and association with cyberbullying peers, and two protective factors, morality and self-control. Using a sample of South Korean college students (N = 244; 112 women (45.9%), 132 men (54.1%); Mean (age) = 22), we found that the two risk factors were positively associated with cyberbullying perpetration, while only one of the two protective factors, which is morality, had a negative relationship with cyberbullying perpetration. In addition, the two protective factors partially buffered the effects of both risk factors on cyberbullying perpetration. The implications and limitations of these findings were also discussed.

Highlights

  • As the recent influence of the online domain on our daily lives has increased dramatically, new types of crimes or deviant behavior based on online or information technology have increasingly appeared

  • Drawing on prior empirical findings as well as the propositions of major criminological theories, we first examined the significance of several probable risk and protective factors for cyberbullying. We examined how they interact, whether protective factors significantly reduce the criminogenic effects of risk factors on cyberbullying

  • This study examined whether the criminogenic effects of risk factors, cyberbullying victimization, and association with cyberbullying peers were significantly buffered by protective factors, morality and self-control

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Summary

Introduction

As the recent influence of the online domain on our daily lives has increased dramatically, new types of crimes or deviant behavior based on online or information technology have increasingly appeared. Cyberbullying is primarily in the form of an indirect type of aggression, for example, verbal aggression, its adverse effects on victims, such as delinquency, depression, suicidal ideation, and other behavioral/mental problems, are as significant as traditional bullying, which can harm victims’ physical bodies and inflict physical distress [3,4,5,6,7,8,9] Such negative consequences can potentially be more harmful than those of traditional bullying victimization given that cyberbullying via mobile instant messenger services has become more prevalent recently due to the increasing use of smartphone devices. Because perpetrators and victims are connected nearly 24/7 in such a setting, the environment enables perpetrators to cyberbully victims more frequently and more constantly, which, in turn, may lead to more adverse effects on victims [10,11,12]

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