Abstract
In order to improve environmental performance, the participation of effective and transparent citizens and governments that help counteract corruption in environmental matters is crucial. In this sense, this work focuses on exploring relationships between e-participation, e-government, the corruption index and environmental performance indicators. To this end, a sample comprising 116 countries from varying geographic regions is used in conjunction with indicators of environmental performance, e-participation, e-government and the corruption index. Through the use of the HJ-biplot and STATIS multivariate statistical techniques, it will be possible to observe the role that these variables play in countries’ behavioural patterns with respect to environmental performance. The results show a correlation between the indicator ‘perception of corruption’ and environmental performance; therefore, the lower the level of corruption, the higher the environmental performance index. We conclude that countries that exhibit more e-participation, lower levels of corruption and better level income are more likely to follow policies and programmes aimed at achieving better environmental performance.
Highlights
This research focuses on examining how environmental performance is related to e-government, e-participation and the corruption index
We base our study on previous works such as Wang et al [1] that show the effect of corruption on poor environmental performance; Burakov et al [2] highlights that corruption and inequality increase environmental degradation and; Aniscenko et al [3] indicate that the development of e-government is positively related to sustainable development and better governance
The first part of our analysis is the application of the HJ-biplot method; the objective is to analyse whether there is an association between global corruption indexes (CPI), e-participation (EPI-P), e-government (E-GOV) and environmental performance (EPI-E)
Summary
This research focuses on examining how environmental performance is related to e-government, e-participation and the corruption index. We have selected the indicators e-participation, e-government and corruption to explore these relationships as a whole, using multivariate techniques, all seen from the point of view of the income levels of the countries. We make a comparison at the country level since the level of development of citizen participation, and environmental sustainability is determined by the different policies that governments develop at the local, regional and national levels. The regional contribution differs depending on the level of federalist structure of each country, the role of the state administration and, especially, of local governments is unquestionable in all the countries analysed. The relevance that local policies have over national policies in the inclusion of the opinion of citizens in sustainable development should be noted because a high percentage of society lives in cities, with urban areas being the demarcations used for (i) the carrying out all types of citizen consultations; and (ii) the establishment of policies that allow the design of sustainable cities
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