Abstract
Most countries consist of many diverse races and cultures, based on historical political decisions, wars or economic changes. Throughout Europe over the past decades the policy of free movement for work as part of the EU agreements has encouraged this activity. Indeed this has been a fundamental idea behind the European Union ever since its inception. However, what can the consequences be for those individuals who, encouraged by such policies, find themselves located in a country which has decided to no longer be part of that system? In particular what impact does this decision appear to have on the way those considered to be “racially different” are treated by others? This article explores the impact the recent decision by Great Britain took to leave the EU (so called Brexit) and its impact upon the number of racially recorded hate crimes in Wales. Using examples from terrorist incidents in Europe, along with the Brexit result, as examples, it provides clear evidence that when certain incidents occur in wider society, there is an impact upon the way in which so called non-indigenous people are treated, which results in an increase in criminality. These results will have resonance for other countries with a mixed population, as well as having implications for those agencies involved in the protection and safety of all inhabitants in their country.
Highlights
The recent decision by the electorate in the United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union has impacted upon social and political thought in the country
On the 13th November 2016 Paris and Saint-Denis in France were targeted in a coordinated attack by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), who claimed responsibility for the attacks in response to French Airstrikes on ISIL targets in Syria and Iraq. 130 people were killed and 368 people were injured during the attacks, which took the form of 3 suicide bombers in addition to mass shootings at cafes, restaurants and the Bataclan Theatre
Victimology began to emerge as a distinct area of study, with identified categories of individuals being more prone to being victims of crime based on their Social, Biological or Psychological typology (Von Hentig, 1941) and that victimisation was the process of social interaction based on the relationships and interactions between the perpetrator and the victim (Von Hentig, 1948)
Summary
The recent decision by the electorate in the United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union has impacted upon social and political thought in the country. During the so called Brexit debates, there were claims and counterclaims regarding the topic of immigration. This political issue seems to have been a major contributing factor in the decision to leave the EU, but it may have encouraged some individuals to engage in open hostility towards immigrants across the country. This article will consider the position regarding the number of recorded race hate crime referrals since 2014, and will utilise the position in Wales for discussion. There is a need to examine just what is meant the term Race Hate Crime
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