Exploring pressure, temperature, and flow patterns in ciliated microfluidic systems

Abstract

The integration of cilia-induced flow, nanofluids, and the inclusion of cobalt ferrite particles holds significant promise in fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and nanotechnology, offering potential breakthroughs in various technological and material applications. We explore the behavior of cilia-induced flow in a nanofluid confined within an annular domain, employing the Williamson fluid model to characterize the behavior of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles. Our analysis is based on a mathematical treatment rooted in fundamental mass, momentum, and energy conservation principles while considering physical constraints (low Reynolds number and long wavelength) and adopting a dimensionless approach. By applying regular perturbation techniques, we derive series solutions for velocity and temperature profiles, providing insight into the complex interplay among cilia-generated flow, nanofluid properties, and the influence of Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles within the annular configuration. In particular, we uncovered clear correlations among cilia length, amplitude ratio, flow rate, and the Prandtl number with temperature distribution. Also, we observed substantial reductions in temperature trends under Weissenberg numbers and particle volume fractions.